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Seen from Space 2006

From Pioneering to Tourism: Sapporo, Hokkaido

 
Fig. 1 Sapporo and Vicinity
Sapporo(kmz, 3.04MB, Low Resolution) as seen on Google Earth.
Figure 1 depicts Sapporo and its vicinity in Hokkaido Prefecture, as observed by the Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer-2 (AVNIR-2) aboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) "Daichi" in May 2006.

On the upper left of the figure is Ishikari Bay that connects the Sea of Japan and the Ishikari River, which flows from the upper right and pours muddy water into Ishikari Bay. Snow-covered mountains appear in the lower left of the figure, and Mt. Yotei, where white snow and deep green forest surround the summit circular crater, can be seen in the corner. You can also see Lake Shikotsu that is shaped like the Japanese hand drum "tsuzumi." Mt. Eniwa on the north side and Mt. Fuppushi and Mt. Tarumae on the south side form the narrows of Lake Shikotsu. The New Chitose Airport and the Port of Tomakomai are visible on the east side of Lake Shikotsu.

The gray area at the center of the figure is Sapporo. Otaru City and Mt. Teine are in the upper left. Development of the Sapporo city area was begun in the flat on the east side of Mt. Teine, which blocks the wind, approximately 140 years ago in order to avoid the seasonal northwest wind. Neighboring Sapporo, you can see its gray bedroom suburbs: Ishikari City, Ebetsu City, Kita-hiroshima City, and Eniwa City clockwise from the north. In the upper right of the figure, you can also see the city area of Iwamizawa City. Vast rice paddy areas extend from both sides of the Ishikari River and in the east side of Kita-hiroshima and Eniwa. They appear ocher indicating that it is before the rice planting and that they are not yet filled with water.

Fig. 2 Central Sapporo
The Toyohira River flows from the bottom to the upper right of Fig. 2. JR Sapporo Station is just above the figure center, the Hakodate line extends east and west, and the Chitose line extends to the east. The green tract on the north side of these lines is the campus of Hokkaido University that originated as Sapporo Agricultural College in 1876 (Meiji 9th year). The big elliptical Sapporo Racecourse can be seen west of the University. South of Sapporo Station, the green tracts in the Hokkaido Government Office, Botanical Garden of Hokkaido University, and the Hokkaido governor's official residence can be seen. South of these green tracts, green Odori Park appears as a series of dots extending east and west. The large buildings are arranged regularly in blocks.

Thick green forests containing the wild woods in Mt. Moiwa can be seen in the lower left. You can see the vivid orange track of the Sapporo City Maruyama Stadium on the extension west of Odori Park. The Okura-yama Ski-jump Facility can be seen on the left of the stadium, and the Miyanomori Ski-jump Facility in the lower left. Ski jumpers used both facilities in the winter Olympic Games in 1972. At the Miyanomori Ski-jump Facility, three skiers from Japan, including Yukio Kasaya, monopolized gold, silver and bronze medals in the 70m-class jump (present normal hill jump).

The Makomanai Ice Arena and Makomanai Open Stadium, which were also used for the Sapporo Olympics, can be seen near the bottom of the figure.

The Sapporo Dome, which looks like a white cocoon, can be seen in the lower right. It opened in 2001 and has been used as one of the home bases of Consadole Sapporo, a team belonging to Japan's football "J-League," and the home base (since 2004) of the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters, a team in Japan's professional baseball Pacific League. The green rectangular tract where the Sapporo Dome is located is Hitsujiga-oka. This area is home to several research institutes, including the Sapporo Branch, Yokohama Plant Protection Station, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; the Hokkaido Research Center, the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute; and the Hokkaido Ishikari Livestock Hygiene Service Center.

Development of the city area of Sapporo was begun after Japan's Meiji government established the Kaitakushi (Colonization Commission) in 1869 (Meiji second year) as one of the ministries and agencies for the northern pioneering. The population in Hokkaido was 5,630,000 as of the end of March 2005, and that in Sapporo was 1,860,000. Taking advantage of the Sapporo Olympics in 1972, the development of the traffic infrastructure in Hokkaido moved ahead and the tourism industry expanded. The number of visitors from outside of Hokkaido during the recent several years was constant at approximately 6,300,000. Among these, visitors from foreign countries, particularly Taiwan, China and Korea, increased substantially from 240,000 in FY 2001 to 510,000 in FY 2005.



References:
The Hokkaido digital illustrated guide (Hokkaido Government Office's site, in Japanese)
History of Development in Hokkaido

Explanation of the Image:
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
Satellite: Advanced Land-Observing Satellite (ALOS) (Daichi)
Sensor: Advanced Visible Near-Infrared Radiometer type-2 (AVNIR-2)
Date: 1046 (JST) on May 27, 2006
Ground resolution 10 m
Map Projection: Universal Transversal Mercator (UTM)
AVNIR-2 has four observation bands. Figures 1 and 2 were produced by assigning red to Band 3 (610 to 690nm), green to Band 2 (520 to 600nm), and blue to Band 1 (420 to 500nm). The resulting image has natural coloring as if seen by the naked eye. Thus, ground objects are represented by the following colors.

Dark green: Forests
Green or ocher: Grass fields or farms
Brown: Burned scar by No-yaki (controlled bushfires)
Khaki: Muddy rivers or sea
Dark blue: Clear lakes or sea
Bluish grey: Urban area or streets
Red, blue, white etc.: Roofs of buildings
White: Snow
Black: No data

Related Sites:
ALOS Research and Application Page
Munich: The capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria
Land, Seen from Space

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