Emission Source

Observation Index

Background

GOSAT/ACOS

ACOS GOSAT/TANSO-FTS Level 2 Full Physics Standard Product V7.3 ( ACOS_L2S )

• Data
  
  • Reflectance
    
    • Reflectance（Band1:0.76μm）:
      
      Retrieved Lambertian component of albedo at 0.77 microns spectra of GOSAT with ACOS V7.3 algorithm.
    • Reflectance（Band2:1.64μm）:
      
      Retrieved Lambertian component of albedo at 1.615 microns spectra of GOSAT with ACOS V7.3 algorithm.
    • Reflectance（Band3:2.0μm）:
      
      Retrieved Lambertian component of albedo at 2.06 microns spectra of GOSAT with ACOS V7.3 algorithm.
    The data averaged monthly from Apr 2009 to May 2016 within specified grid.
  • Successful GOSAT Retrieval Ratio (L2/L1)
    
    • The ratio calculated monthly with the L2 data(ACOS GOSAT/TANSO-FTS Level 2 Full Physics Standard Product V7.3) and L1 data(GOSAT L1B V201) from Apr 2009 to May 2016 within specified grid.
• Data link:
  • https://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/ACOS_L2S_V7.3/summary?keywords=ACOS (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • https://co2.jpl.nasa.gov/support/
    Users of ACOS Data products should cite the following key ACOS references:
  • Wunch, D. et al., : The Total Carbon Column Observing Network, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 369, 2087–2112, doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0240, 2011a.
  • Wunch, D. et al., : A method for evaluating bias in global measurements of CO2 total columns from space, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12317-12337, doi:10.5194/acp-11-12317-2011, 2011b.
  • O' Dell, C. W. et al., : Preflight Radiometric Calibration of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 49 (6), 2438-2447,2011.
  • Crisp, D. et al.,: The ACOS CO2 retrieval algorithm - Part II: Global XCO2 data characterization, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 687-707, doi:10.5194/amt-5-687-2012, 2012.
  • Frankenberg, C. et al.,: Prospects for chlorophyll fluorescence remote sensing from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, Remote Sens. Environ., 147, 1-12, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.007, 2014.

Population Density (GPWv4:2015)

Gridded Population of the World (GPW), v4

• Data
  
  • Population Density : GPWv4:2015 :
    
  Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4) Population Density consists of estimates of human population density based on counts consistent with national censuses and population registers, for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020.
  A proportional allocation gridding algorithm, utilizing approximately 12.5 million national and sub-national administrative units, is used to assign population values to 30 arc-second (~1 km) grid cells.
  The population density grids are created by dividing the population count grids by the land area grids. The data averaged with Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4) Population Density consists of estimates of human population density based on counts consistent with national censuses and population registers, for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020.
  The pixel values represent persons per square kilometer. The year 2015 data averaged within specified grid.
• Data link:
  • http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v4-population-density (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University. 2016. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density. Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). http://dx.doi.org/10.7927/H4NP22DQ. (accessed on 6 October 2017).

EDGAR

Global Emissions EDGAR v4.2 FT2010

• Data
  
  • Emission Source
    
    Global Emissions EDGAR v4.2 FT2010 are calculated for direct greenhouse gases from based on the energy balance statistics of IEA (2012).
    • CO2 Emission Source
      
      CO2 Emission grid data in 2010 are expressed in kg/m2/s with 0.1x 0.1degree resolution.
    • CH4 Emission Source
      
      CH4 Emission grid data in 2010 are expressed in kg/m2/s with 0.1x 0.1degree resolution.
    • NOx Emission Source
      
      NOx Emission grid data in 2010 are expressed in kg/m2/s with 0.1x 0.1degree resolution.
• Data link:
  • http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=42FT2010 (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • Source: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL). Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), release EDGARv4.2 FT2010, //edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu, 2013.
  • Reference: Olivier and G. Janssens-Maenhout, CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion -- 2012 Edition, IEA CO2 report 2012, Part III, Greenhouse-Gas Emissions, ISBN 978-92-64-17475-7.

OMI-NO2

OMI tropospheric NO2 data

• Data
  
  • Tropospheric Column NO2
    
  These tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns are derived from satellite observations based on slant column NO2 retrievals with the DOAS technique, and the KNMI combined modelling/retrieval/assimilation approach. The slant columns from OMI observations are derived by KNMI/NASA. OMI NRT data were provided by KNMI (The Netherlands) and were produced in collaboration with NASA (USA). OMI, a Dutch-Finnish built instrument, is a part of NASA's EOS-Aura payload. The OMI project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands. vRetrieved
  The original resolution of Aura/OMI dLevel 2 products is 13 x 24 km^2.
  The data averaged monthly from Apr 2014 to May 2016 within specified grid.
• Data link:
  • https://www.temis.nl/airpollution/no2col/no2regio_tropomi.php (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • Boersma, K.F., H.J. Eskes, R. J. Dirksen, R. J. van der A, J. P. Veefkind, P. Stammes, V. Huijnen, Q. L. Kleipool, M. Sneep, J. Claas, J. Leitao, A. Richter, Y. Zhou, and D. Brunner, An improved retrieval of tropospheric NO2 columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, Atmos. Meas. Tech. , 4, 1905-1928, 2011

MOPPIT-CO

MOPITT Derived CO (Near and Thermal Infrared Radiances)

• Data
  
  • Total Column CO
    
    MOPITT measurements yield atmospheric profiles of carbon monoxide (CO) volume mixing ratio and CO total column values using near-infrared radiation at 2.3 µm and thermal-infrared radiation at 4.7 µm. The original resolution of Terra/MOPITT Level 2 products (Version 7) is stored every 0.4 seconds. The data averaged monthly from 2014 to 2016 within specified grid.
• Data link:
  • https://www2.acom.ucar.edu/mopitt (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • MOPITT Science Team (2013), MOPITT/Terra Level 2 CO vertical profiles derived from Near and Thermal Infrared Radiances, version 7, Hampton, VA, USA:NASA Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC), Accessed at doi: 10.5067/TERRA/MOPITT/MOP02J_L2.007

JAXA Satellite Monitoring for Environmental Studies : JASMES

• Data
  
  • Reflectance
    
    The original resolution of reflectance roducts is 0.05 degree.
    • Reflectance（Band2:0.85μm）
      Retrieved reflectance at Aqua/MODIS band2 data and averaged monthly from 2012 to 2016. within specified grid.
    • Reflectance（Band6:1.64μm）
      Retrieved reflectance at Aqua/MODIS band6 data and averaged monthly from 2012 to 2016. within specified grid.
    • Reflectance（Band7:2.13μm）
      Retrieved reflectance at Aqua/MODIS band7 data and averaged monthly from 2012 to 2016. within specified grid.
  • Clear Sky Ratio
    
    Clear Sky Ratio is calculated from deduction of Cloud Cover Rate retrieved with Terra/MODIS and Aqua/MODIS data. The original resolution of Cloud Cover Rate poducts is 0.05 degree. The data averaged monthly from 2012 to 2016.
  • Aerosol Optical Thickness (550nm)
    
    Retrieved Aerosol Optical Thickness at Terra/MODIS and Aqua/MODIS 550 nm. The original resolution of Aerosol Optical Thickness poducts is 0.05 degree. The data averaged monthly from 2012 to 2016.
  • NDVI
    NDVI is Activity of Vegetation retrieved with Terra/MODIS and Aqua/MODIS data. The original resolution of NDVI poducts is 0.05 degree. The data averaged monthly from 2012 to 2016.
• Data link:
  • https://kuroshio.eorc.jaxa.jp/JASMES/ (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • MODIS data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/ National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Original data for this value-added data product was provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency.

GPV

• Data
  
  • Wind Speed
    
    GPV (Grid Point Value) dataset is provided by Japan Meteorological Agency. It contains forecast of meteorological parameters. Tha data provided at 22 pressure levels (include 10m above data) and 4 times per one day (00,06,12 and 18UT).
    • Wind Speed (above 10m, 00,06,12,18 UT averaged)
      
      The wind speed data at 10m above averaged monthly from 2012 to 2016.
    • Wind Speed (950hPa, 00,06,12,18 UT averaged)
      
      The wind speed data at 950 hPa averaged monthly from 2012 to 2016.
    • Wind Speed (850hPa, 00,06,12,18 UT averaged)
      
      The wind speed data at 850 hPa averaged monthly from 2012 to 2016.
• Citaton:
  • The daily operational weather forecasting Grid Point Values (GPV) data provided to the GOSAT project by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).

ASTER GDEM

• Data
  
  • Flatness
    
    The Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) of Japan and the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) jointly announced the release of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model Version 2 (GDEM V2) on October 17, 2011. The ASTER GDEM V2 maintains the GeoTIFF format and the same gridding and tile structure as V1, with 30-meter postings and 1 x 1 degree tiles.
    The flatness is calculated from the standard deviation of altitude within specified grid.
• Data link:
  • https://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gdem.asp (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of NASA and METI.

DMSP

• Data
  
  • Nighttime Lights
    
    Version 4 DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Time Series Average Visible, Stable Lights, & Cloud Free Coverages　F182013 (year 2013, Sat 18)
• Data link:
  • https://ngdc.noaa.gov/eog/dmsp/downloadV4composites.html (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • Image and Data processing by NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center. DMSP data collected by the US Air Force Weather Agency.

OCO-2

OCO-2 Level 2 Full Physics Standard Product V8r

• Data
  
  • Successful OCO-2 Retrieval Ratio (L2/L1)
    
    The success rate of OCO-2 retrieval (CO2) using ACOS V8 algorithm.
    The ratio calculated monthly with the L2(OCO-2 Level 2 Full Physics Standard Product V8r) data and L1 data (OCO-2 Level 1B Science V8r) from Apr 2014 to May 2017 within specified grid.
• Data link:
  • https://oco2.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/OCO2_DATA/ (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • Wunch et al. [2011a and 2011b], O’Dell et al. [2012], Crisp et al. [2012], and Frankenberg et al. [2014a and 2014b]
  • Wunch, D. et al., : The Total Carbon Column Observing Network, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 369, 2087-2112, doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0240, 2011a.
  • Wunch, D. et al., : A method for evaluating bias in global measurements of CO2 total columns from space, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12317-12337, doi:10.5194/acp-11-12317-2011, 2011b.
  • O’Dell. et al., : The ACOS CO2 retrieval algorithm-Part 1: Description and validation against synthetic observations. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 99-121. doi:10.5194/amt-5-99-2012, 2012.
  • Crisp, D. et al.,: The ACOS CO2 retrieval algorithm - Part II: Global XCO2 data characterization, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 687-707, doi:10.5194/amt-5-687-2012, 2012.
  • Frankenberg, C. et al.,: Prospects for chlorophyll fluorescence remote sensing from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, Remote Sens. Environ., 147, 1-12, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.007, 2014.

ODIAC

• Data
  
  • CO2 Emission Source (land)
    
    The Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide (ODIAC) is a high spatial resolution emission dataset for CO2 emissions from combustion of fossil fuels, cement production and gas flaring.
• Data link:
  • https://db.cger.nies.go.jp/dataset/ODIAC/DL_odiac2020.html (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • Oda, T., Maksyutov, S., and Andres, R. J. 2018. The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2, version 2016 (ODIAC2016): a global monthly fossil fuel CO2 gridded emissions data product for tracer transport simulations and surface flux inversions, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 87-107, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-87-2018.
  • Tomohiro Oda, Shamil Maksyutov (2015), ODIAC Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions Dataset (ODIAC2017), Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, doi:10.17595/20170411.001. (Reference date : 2017/11/06)
  • Oda, T., Maksyutov, S., and Andres, R. J.: The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide (CO2), version 2016 (ODIAC2016): A global, monthly fossil-fuel CO2 gridded emission data product for tracer transport simulations and surface flux inversions, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., doi:10.5194/essd-2017-76, in review, 2017.
  • Oda, T. and Maksyutov, S.: A very high-resolution (1 km x 1 km) global fossil fuel CO2 emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 543-556, doi:10.5194/acp-11-543-2011, 2011.
  • Oda, T., Maksyutov, S. and Elvidge, C.: Disaggregation of national fossil fuel CO2 emissions using a global power plant database and DMSP nightlight data, Proc. of the 30th Asia-Pacific Advanced Network Meeting, 220-229, 2010. http://journals.sfu.ca/apan/index.php/apan/article/view/94

CO2 Air-Sea Flux(2000)

• Data
  
  • Monthly CO2 Flux Estimated from Air-Sea Difference in CO2 Partial Pressure (Revised October 2009).
    
    A global ocean database for a single reference year 2000 presented with spatial resolution of 4° (latitude) x 5° (longitude) based upon about 3 million measurements of surface water pCO2 obtained from 1970 to 2007 (Takahashi et al., 2009).
    The net air-sea CO2 flux is estimated using the sea-air pCO2 difference and the air-sea gas transfer rate that is parameterized as a function of wind speed.
    Positive values indicate the CO2 release to the atmosphere.Negative value indicate CO2 uptake by the ocean.
• Data link:
  • http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/CO2/carbondioxide/pages/air_sea_flux_2010.html (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Sweeney, C., Poisson, A., Metzl, N., Tillbrook, B., Bates, N., Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R. A., Sabine, C., Olafsson, J. and Nojiri, Y. (2002). Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects, Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 1601-1622.
  • Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C. and Kozyr, A. (2008). Global Ocean Surface Water Partial Pressure of CO2 Database: Measurements Performed during 1968-2006 (Version 1.0). ORNL/CDIAC-152, NDP-088. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, pp.20.
  • Takahashi, T., S. C. Sutherland, R. Wanninkhof, C. Sweeney, R. A. Feely, D. W. Chipman, B. Hales, G. Friederich, F. Chavez, A. Watson, D. C. E. Bakker, U. Schuster, N. Metzl, H. Yoshikawa-Inoue, M. Ishii, T. Midorikawa, Y. Nojiri, C. Sabine, J. Olafsson, Th. S. Arnarson, B. Tilbrook, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, Richard Bellerby, A. Kortzinger, T. Steinhoff, M. Hoppema, H. J. W. de Baar, C. S. Wong, Bruno Delille and N. R. Bates (2009). Climatological mean and decadal changes in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans. Deep-Sea Res. II, 56, 554-577

SIF:MetOp-A/GOME-2

• Data
  
  • SIF:MetOp-A/GOME-2
    
    GOME-2 instrument on MetOp-A and -B use channel 4　with ~0.5 nm spectral resolution and wavelengths between 734 and 758 nm.
    The GOME2 Fluorescence Level 3 product (v27) are monthly 0.5 deg gridded.
    The data averaged monthly from 2015 to 2017 within specified grid.
• Data link:
  • https://acd-ext.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Joiner/my_gifs/GOME_F/GOME-F.htm (accessed on 19 November 2021)
• Citaton:
  • Joiner, J., Yoshida, Y., Vasilkov, A. P., Middleton, E. M., Campbell, P. K. E., Yoshida, Y., Kuze, A., and Corp, L. A., 2012: Filling-in of near-infrared solar lines by terrestrial fluorescence and other geophysical effects: simulations and space-based observations from SCIAMACHY and GOSAT, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 809-829, doi:10.5194/amt-5-809-2012.
  • Joiner, J., Guanter, L., Lindstrot, R., Voigt, M., Vasilkov, A. P., Middleton, E. M., Huemmrich, K. F., Yoshida, Y., and Frankenberg, C.: Global monitoring of terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence from moderate-spectral-resolution near-infrared satellite measurements: methodology, simulations, and application to GOME-2, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2803-2823, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2803-2013, 2013.
  • J. Joiner, Y. Yoshida, A.P. Vasilkov, K. Schaefer, M. Jung, L. Guanter, Y. Zhang, S. Garrity, E.M. Middleton, K.F. Huemmrich, L. Gu, L. Belelli Marchesini,:The seasonal cycle of satellite chlorophyll fluorescence observations and its relationship to vegetation phenology and ecosystem atmosphere carbon exchange, Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, 2014, 375-391, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.06.022.
  • Joiner, J., Yoshida, Y., Guanter, L., and Middleton, E. M.: New methods for the retrieval of chlorophyll red fluorescence from hyperspectral satellite instruments: simulations and application to GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 3939-3967, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3939-2016, 2016.

Calibration

Vicarious calibration site

Validation

Airport (CONTRAIL)

The CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) project is being jointly conducted by NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies), the MRI (Meteorological Research Institute), JAL (Japan Airlines), JAMCO (JAMCO Corporation) and JAL-F (JAL Foundation). The CONTRAIL Database contains all the CO2 data measured by CME, as well as the information from the aircraft data system (aircraft position, temperature, wind direction and wind speed). These data have been used for GOSAT validation. GOSAT has targeted airports in serve.

TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network)

The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a network of ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometers that record spectra of the sun in the near-infrared. From these spectra, accurate and precise column-averaged abundances of atmospheric constituents including CO2, CH4, N2O, HF, CO, H2O, and HDO, are retrieved.